Turbomachines

Objectives

This course introduces the working principles of turbomachines. It’s aimed at developing an understanding, from a fluid-mechanics and thermodynamics point of view, how these devices work, performs and can be regulated. By the end of the course, students should have knowledge and understanding of:

Understand the application of fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics to obtain the operating conditions of turbomachines.
Able to analyze vapor and gas power systems, hydraulic systems, characteristic curves of turbomachines.
Apply specific speed, specific diameter and Cordier diagram for turbomachine selection.

General characterization

Code

11686

Credits

6.0

Responsible teacher

Luís Miguel Chagas da Costa Gil

Hours

Weekly - 4

Total - 70

Teaching language

Português

Prerequisites

Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Bibliography

Moran, M. J. and Shapiro, H. N. (2010). Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics.

Andrews, J. and Jelley, N. (2007). Energy Science, principles, technologies, and impacts.

White, F. M. (2011). Fluid Mechanics.

Dixon, S. L. and Hall, C. A. (2014). Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery.

Dick, E. (2015). Fundamentals of Turbomachines.

Teaching method

Lectures and problem-solving sessions.

Laboratory sessions.

Evaluation method

A avaliação consta de duas partes: a avaliação por provas escritas, com eventual prova oral a decidir pelo docente, e a avaliação laboratorial.

1.1. Avaliação das Provas Escritas

Esta parte da avaliação será feita por 2 testes ao longo do semestre ou por 1 exame final. As provas escritas são realizadas sem consulta. Os testes são constituídos por: i) uma parte teórica, ii) uma parte teórica de desenvolvimento/demonstração e, iii) uma parte prática/problemas. Juntamente com o enunciado serão disponibilizados formulários e tabelas necessários.

1.2. Avaliação Laboratorial

A avaliação laboratorial será feita através da realização de ensaios laboratoriais, a discussão e análise dos resultados obtidos. A não realização do trabalho laboratorial corresponde uma nota de zero valor.

1.3. Nota Final

O cálculo da nota final, antes de eventual prova oral, é a seguinte média ponderada:

Nota final = 0,85 x (Média dos testes) + 0,15 x (Avaliação Laboratorial)

Só serão atribuídas notas finais superiores a 17 valores após prestação de prova oral. Na avaliação em época especial a nota final será igual à nota da avaliação obtida na prova escrita, i.e., a componente de avaliação laboratorial não será contabilizada.

Subject matter

1 Introduction

1.1 Definition, classification and application field of turbomachines

2 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

2.1 Basic physical properties of fluids

2.2 Mass continuity

2.3 Momentum equation

2.4 Energy equation

2.5 Application of conservation equations: Euler''s turbomachine equation, Bernoulli''s equation

2.6 Viscous flow in ducts

2.7 Aerodynamics of airfoil: lift and drag forces

2.8 Compressible flow

2.9 Definitions of efficiency: isentropic, mechanical, volumetric and overall efficiency

3 Pumps

3.1 Centrifugal pumps

3.1.1 Introduction: definition and classification

3.1.2 Flow analyzing: working principle, application of conservation equations, velocity triangle, efficiency

3.1.3 Operating conditions: application field

3.2 Axial pumps

3.2.1 Introduction: definition and classification

3.2.2 Flow analyzing: working principle, application of conservation equations, velocity triangle, efficiency

3.2.3 Operating conditions: application field

3.3 Mixed pumps

3.3.1 Introduction: definition and classification

3.3.2 Flow analyzing: working principle, application of conservation equations, velocity triangle, efficiency

3.3.3 Operating conditions: application field

4 Turbines

4.1 Radial Turbines

4.1.1 Introduction: definition and classification

4.1.2 Flow analyzing: working principle, application of conservation equations, velocity triangle, efficiency

4.1.3 Operating conditions: application field

4.2 Axial turbines

4.2.1 Introduction: definition and classification

4.2.2 Flow analyzing: working principle, application of conservation equations, velocity triangle, efficiency

4.2.3 Operating conditions: application field

4.3 Mixed turbines

4.3.1 Introduction: definition and classification

4.3.2 Flow analyzing: working principle, application of conservation equations, velocity triangle, efficiency

4.3.3 Operating conditions: application field

4.4 Impulse turbines

4.4.1 Introduction: definition and classification

4.4.2 Pelton turbines: flow analyzing: working principle, application of conservation equations, velocity triangle, efficiency

5 Dimensional analysis of turbomachines

5.1 Selection of the type and estimation of main dimensions of turbomachines: specific speed, specific diameter and Cordier diagram for turbomachine selection