General Hydraulics
Objectives
To give students knowledge in the areas of dimensional analysis, hydrostatics, pressure flows, characteristics and selection of pumps and turbines, flows through orifices and weirs and free-surface flows. At the end of the curricular unit students should have the following abilities:
• Expertise in the computation of hydrostatic forces acting on different surfaces.
• Expertise in the fundamental concepts of hydro-kinematics and hydrodynamics (pressures, mean velocities,
forces, stresses and energy balances).
• Expertise in the hydraulic computation of steady flows in conduits under pressure.
• Comprehension of the basic concepts of unsteady flows under pressure (water hammer and mass oscillation).
• Comprehension and choice over functioning of pumps and turbines.
• Expertise in the determination of orifices and weirs flow capacity.
• Expertise in the computation of free-surface profiles in steady flows on fixed bed open channels.
General characterization
Code
10362
Credits
6.0
Responsible teacher
Pedro Manuel da Hora Santos Coelho
Hours
Weekly - 4
Total - 80
Teaching language
Português
Prerequisites
Lab sessions attendance (minimum 2/3) and accomplishment of thre to four lab experiments (or their simulation) with correspondent lab reports.
Bibliography
1. Chow, V.T. (1959). “Open Channel Hydraulics”, McGraw-Hill
2. Evett, J.B., Liu, C. (1988). "2500 solved problems in Fluid Mechaniscs and Hydraulics", McGraw-Hill.
3. Lencastre, A. (1983). “Hidráulica Geral”, Hidroprojecto, Lisboa.
4. Manzanares A. (1980). “Hidráulica Geral”, TÉCNICA A.E.I.S.T., Lisboa.
5. Quintela, A. (1981). “Hidráulica”, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 1981.
Teaching method
Lectures: oral presentation, whenever suitable supported with photographs and examples of real situations representing practical implementation of discussed topics.
Lab sessions: resolution of problems on applied hydraulics; practices in the Hydraulics Laboratory, with presentation and manipulation of scale physical models, illustrative of fundamental hydraulic laws.
Evaluation method
Grades from 0 (minimum) to 20 (maximum).
Lab experiment reports (3 or 4): 20 % of final grade and mandatory.
Two tests: weight of 40% each of final grade.
Subject matter
1. Properties of fluids.
2. Hydrostatic: hydrostatic pressure and impulsion.
3. Hydro-kinematics: flow lines and flow rate.
4. Hydrodynamics: mass, energy and momentum conservation laws.
5. Resistance laws for flows: laminar and turbulent flows.
6. Steady flows in pressure.
7. Unsteady flows in pressure: water hammer; mass oscillation.
8. Turbines and pumps: choice and functioning diagrams of turbines and pumps.
9. Flow through orifices and over weirs.
10. Open channel flows: specific energy; types of flow; total momentum; free surface profiles; hydraulic jump.