Bioenergy
Objectives
Acquisition of knowlegde, ability and expertise in the following topics:
1. Significance of the bioenergy in a global energy market.
2. Characteristics of biomass and bio-wastes.
3. Thermal and thermo-chemical conversion processes of biomass and bio-wastes in energy and energy carriers.
4. Biogas and biohydrogen production processes from biomass and bio-wastes.
5. Microalgae in a biorefinery perspective.
6. Environmental and social sustainability.
General characterization
Code
8854
Credits
6.0
Responsible teacher
Nuno Carlos Lapa dos Santos Nunes
Hours
Weekly - 4
Total - 56
Teaching language
Português
Prerequisites
Non-required request.
Bibliography
Hasenauer, H. (2005) Sustainable Forest Management. Growth Models for Europe, Hasenauer, H. (Ed.), Springer-Verlag (Publs.), 398 pp (ISBN 978-3540260981)
Sorensen, Bent (2007) Renewable Energy Conversion, Transmission, and Storage, Academic Press (Ed.), 334 pp, (ISBN 978-0123742629)
Naim H. Afgan and Maria da Graça Carvalho (2000) Sustainable Assessment Method for Energy Systems:indicators, criteria and decision making procedure. Kluwer Academic Publishers (Eds.), 192 pp, (ISBN 0792378768)
Bridgwater A. V. (2008) Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Vol. I, Bridgwater A. V. (Ed.), Springer (Publs.), 1770 pp (ISBN 0751401714)
J. F. Santos Oliveira (2005) Gestão Ambiental. Lidel - Edições Técnicas Lda (Ed.), (ISBN 972-757-328-2), 344 pp.
El Bassam, N. (2010) Handbook of Bioenergy Crops - A complete reference to species, development and applications. London, United Kingdom: Earthscan, Ltd., 516 pp.
Teaching method
Theoretical classes, in the classroom, with oral presentations of the syllabus.
Theoretical-Practical classes, in the classroom, to carry out three team works.
Teaching is supported by a webpage on the Moodle@FCT platform where all the teaching materials ("slides" of the classes; individual theoretical activities; team works; videos; additional texts; "online" tests) can be found.
Classes are taught in Portuguese if all students are fluent in Portuguese.
If there are ERASMUS students who do not speak Portuguese, the classes will be taught in English. Not all materials are fully translated into English.
Evaluation method
A) Continuous Assessment
The following moments of continuous assessment are carried out:
A.1) 11 Individual Activities (AI), carried out through Moodle@FCT, for the preparation of Theoretical Classes.
A.2) 3 Teamworks (TE), with autonomous development, oral presentations, and delivery of written documents.
A.3) 1 Individual Theoretical Test (TTI) on the theoretical topics that were not covered by the Teamworks (about 60% of the theoretical subject).
B) Assessment in the Appeal Examination
B.1) The Appeal Examination (ER) is used to assess students who have passed the 11 Individual Activities AND the 3Team Works, but who have not passed the Individual Test, or who have missed the Individual Test.
B.2) Access to the Appeal Examination requires passing the 11 Individual Activities AND 3 Team Works.
C) Final Score (CF)
CF = 0.30 * AI + 0.30 * TE + 0.40 * TTI
OR
CF = 0.30 * AI + 0.30 * TE + 0.40 * ER (for students that made the theoretical component through the Appeal Examination)
Subject matter
1. Significance of the bioenergy in a global energy market. Biomass definitions. Bioenergy definitions. Political and legislative instruments. Strategic objectives. Sustainability, security, competitiveness and infrastructures.
2. Characteristics of biomass from energetic crops, forestry, and liquid and solid bio-wastes. Mass; Volume; Density; Proximate analysis; Mineral content; Elemental analysis; HHV and LHV; Ashes and their fusibility; COD; Sólids.
3. Thermal and thermo-chemical conversion processes of biomass and bio-wastes in energy and energy carriers. Combustion. Gasification. Pyrolysis. Main technologies. Emissions and their treatment.
4. Biogas and biohydrogen production processes from biomass and bio-wastes. Anaerobic digestion. Biogas and its properties. Biogas valorisation. The digestate and its valorisation. The dark fermentation for biohydrogen production. Biohydrogen valorisation.
5. Microalgae in a biorefinery perspective. Microalgae cultivation: costs and profits. Valorisation routes of microalgae biomass and their products under a biorefinery perspective. Biodiesel and bioethanol production. Valorisation of byproducts.
6. Environmental and social sustainability. Logistic for the supply of biomass and bio-wastes to conversion plants. The environmental and social advantages and disadvantages of bioenergy supply chains.