Instrumentation and Process Control

General characterization

Prerequisites

None

Bibliography

• Documentação de apoio elaborada pelo Responsável da UC

• B. A. Ogunnaike, W. H. Ray, Process Dynamics, Modelling, and Control, Oxford University Press, 1994.

• D. M. Considine, Process Instruments and Control Handbook, McGraw Hill, 1974.

• J. W. Dally, et al., Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

• G. Stephanopoulos, Chemical Process Control – An Introduction to Theory and Practice, Prentice/Hall, 1984.

• G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powel, A. Emami-Naeini, Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison-Wesley, 1986.

• D. E. Seborg, T. F. Edgar, D. A. Mellichamp, Process Dynamics and Control, JohnWiley & Sons, 1989.

Teaching method

The theoretical subject is taught in theoretical classes in the usual format where the theoretical principles of Process Instrumentation and Control are taught. The theoretical-practical classes aim to consolidate the knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes by its application to the resolution of concrete problems and some of the classes involve the use of specific software for process control.

The evaluation has 2 components:

A - Theoretical test;

B - Theoretical test;

FINAL GRADE = 0.5 * A + 0.5 * B

Evaluation method

The theoretical subject is taught in theoretical classes in the usual format where the theoretical principles of Process Instrumentation and Control are taught. The theoretical-practical classes aim to consolidate the knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes by its application to the resolution of concrete problems and some of the classes involve the use of specific software for process control.

The evaluation has 2 components:

A - Theoretical test;

B - Theoretical test;

FINAL GRADE = 0.5 * A + 0.5 * B

Subject matter

• Process Control

1. Incentives and economic justification for the automatic control of chemical processes
2. Components of a control system: Process, Meters, Transmitters and Transducers, Controller, Final control element
3. Mathematical modelling of chemical processes
1. Classical modeling and linearization of nonlinear models
2. Empirical modelling and parametric estimation
3. Degrees of freedom of a process
4. Laplace Transforms
1. Transfer function of a system
2. Block diagram
5. Characterization of linear dynamic systems
1. First-order systems
2. Second-order systems
3. Higher-order systems
6. Feeddback Control
1. ON/OFF controller
2. Proportional controller (P)
3. Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller
4. Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (PID)
7. Dynamic behavior of feedback-controlled processes
1. Block diagram
2. Closed-loop control response
3. Servo-mechanism problem
4. Regulation problem
5. Proportionar, integral and differential control actions
6. Controlled system response to a step change in reference value
7. Controlled system response to a step change in load value
8. Effect of combined PI and PID control actions
8. Cascade control
9. Feedforward control
10. Feedfprward, closed-loop control
11. Time-delayed processes
12. Reverse-Response Processes
13. Practical rules for choosing and implementing controllers
1. Effect of controller parameters (gain and time constants) on the response of the controlled system
2. tunning of controller parameters: Practical rules, Ziegler-Nichols Method, Cohen & Coon Method
14. Digital control
1. Digital signal transmission
2. A/D and D/A converters
3. Analog and digital filters
4. Digital version of the PID controller

• Instrumentation

1. Control valves
1. Constituent elements
2. Types of shutters
3. Dynamic behavior
4. Sizing
2. Temperature meters
1. Thermocouples
2. Resistance thermometers
3. Pressure gauges
1. Liquid column elements
2. Elastic elements
3. Electric pressure transducers
4. Flow meters
1. Flow rate meters
2. Differential pressure meters: Orifice plate, Venturi and Nozzle Tube, Pitot Tube
3. Variable area meters: Diameter, Hole and Tapered Plug, Piston meter
4. Mass flow meters
5. Level gauges

Programs

Programs where the course is taught: