Major Endemic Diseases
Objectives
Adopting a One Health perspective, clarifying concepts of endemicity, focusing on the most prevalent communicable diseases in tropical regions, we intend to develop generalizations about effective and sustainable interventions that contribute to the progressive eradication of these diseases, taking into account the spatial, biological, entomological, environmental and social aspects, to encourage doctoral students to research new strategies for mitigating and eliminating the impact of communicable diseases in tropical regions.
General characterization
Code
5788011
Credits
4
Responsible teacher
Paulo Ferrinho
Hours
Weekly - 9
Total - 40
Teaching language
Portuguese
Prerequisites
Not applicable
Bibliography
• Correia T, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferrinho P. Calling for a planetary and one health vision for global health. One Health. 2021 Dec;13:100342. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100342. Epub 2021 Oct 29. PMID: 34729391; PMCID: PMC8555336. • Ogunsumi DO, Lal V, Puchner KP, van Brakel W, Schwienhorst-Stich EM, SWAROOP S. Index of endemicity. Bull World Health Organ. 1957;16(6):1083-101. PMID: 13479767; PMCID: PMC2538220. • Kalra S, Kumar A, Jarhyan P, Unnikrishnan AG. Endemic or epidemic? Measuring the endemicity index of diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(1):5-7. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.144633 • Kasang C, Chukwu J, Kreibich S, Parisi S, Richardus JH, Blok DJ. Measuring endemicity and burden of leprosy across countries and regions: A systematic review and Delphi survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Sep 20;15(9):e0009769. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009769. PMID: 34543282; PMCID: PMC8483296. • Dowdle WR. The principles of disease elimination and eradication. MMWR. 1999; 48 (SU01): 23-7. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su48a7.htm. • Aylward B et al. When Is a Disease Eradicable? 100 Years of Lessons Learned. Am J Public Health. 2000;90: 1515–1520. • Hopkins DR. Disease Eradication. NEJM. 2013;368:54-63. • The Carter Center. Disease considered as candidates for global eradication by the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/disease-eradication • de Quadros CA. Introduction. In: Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Emerging Infections; Knobler S, Lederberg J, Pray LA, editors. Considerations for Viral Disease Eradication: Lessons Learned and Future Strategies: Workshop Summary. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2002. 1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98114/ • David M. Morens, Edward C. Holmes, A. Sally Davis, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Global Rinderpest Eradication: Lessons Learned and Why Humans Should Celebrate Too, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 204, Issue 4, 15 August 2011, Pages 502–505, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir327 • Cochi, S.L., and Dowdle, W.R. (2011). Disease Eradication in the 21st Century: Implications for Global Health. Cambridge: The MIT Press. • Vouga, M., and Greub, G. (2016). Emerging bacterial pathogens: the past and beyond. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.010 • Schito, M., Hanna, D., and Zumla, A. (2017). Tuberculosis eradication versus control. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 56, 10–13. • Bowman DD. Successful and currently ongoing parasite eradication programs. Vet Parasitol. 2006 Jul 31;139(4):293-307. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.020. Epub 2006 May 26. PMID: 16730411. • Monnier N, Barth-Jaeggi T, Knopp S, Steinmann P. Core components, concepts and strategies for parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination with a focus on schistosomiasis: A landscape analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(10):e0008837. Published 2020 Oct 30. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008837 • Cook, G.C., and Zumla, A. (Eds.) (2009). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. 22nd Edition. London, UK: Saunders Elsevier Science, Health Division. • Michaelakis A, Balestrino F, Becker N, et al. (2021). A Case for Systematic Quality Management in Mosquito Control Programmes in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18(7):3478. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073478. • Nazareth T, Craveiro I, Moutinho A, et al. (2020). What happens when we modify mosquitoes for disease prevention? A systematic review. Emerging microbes and infections, 9(1), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1722035 • Resnik D. B. (2017). Field Trials of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes and Public Health Ethics. The American journal of bioethics: AJOB, 17(9), 24–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2017.1353170 • Connolly, J. B., Mumford, J. D., Fuchs, S., Turner, G., Beech, C., North, A. R., and Burt, A. (2021). Systematic identification of plausible pathways to potential harm via problem formulation for investigational releases of a population suppression gene drive to control the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in West Africa. Malaria journal, 20(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03674-6 • Tur C, Almenar D, Benlloch-Navarro S, Argilés-Herrero R, Zacarés M, Dalmau V, Pla I (2021). Sterile Insect Technique in an Integrated Vector Management Program against Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus in the Valencia Region (Spain): Operating Procedures and Quality Control Parameters. Insects.;12(3):272. doi: 10.3390/insects12030272. • Hoel, Michael; Barrett, Scott (2004) : Optimal Disease Eradication, Nota di Lavoro, No. 50.2004, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milano. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/117933/1/NDL2004-050.pdf • Pierre-Yves Geoffard and Tomas Philipson. Disease Eradication: Private versus Public Vaccination. The American Economic Review, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 222-230. http://mol.ax/pdf/gp1997.pdf • Aaby, P., and Benn, C. S. (2020). Stopping live vaccines after disease eradication may increase mortality. Vaccine, 38(1), 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.034 https://findresearcher.sdu.dk:8443/ws/files/155352507/Stopping_live_vaccines_after_disease_eradication_may_1_increase_mortality.pdf • Wilson N, Mansoor OD, Boyd MJ, Kvalsvig A, Baker MG. We should not dismiss the possibility of eradicating COVID-19: comparisons with smallpox and polio. BMJ Glob Health. 2021 Aug;6(8):e006810. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006810. PMID: 34373261; PMCID: PMC8375448.
Teaching method
T - Teaching: lecture, student presentations, discussion in a virtual classroom. OT – Support for the preparation of S and O. S – seminar on vaccination conducted by the students. EC – case study submitted in writing for publication, focusing. • Or about one of the following diseases: 1. Viral disease: measles. 2. Bacterial disease: leprosy. 3. Parasitic diseases: dracunculiasis and malaria. • Or about diseases that can be eradicated in one of the following countries: Angola or Mozambique. A – Oral exam: presentation and defense of the EC.
Evaluation method
1. Case study: 30% 2. Organization and promotion of the seminar: 30% 3. Oral exam: 40%.
Subject matter
I. The sciences of disease eradication. II. Control, elimination or eradication (CER) of viral diseases. III. CER of diseases caused by bacteria. IV. CER of diseases caused by parasites. V. Vector control for the elimination and eradication of diseases. VI. Vaccination.