Introduction to the History of Art
Objectives
1. To introduce students to the theoretical, methodological, analytical and descriptive tools of Art History (specific bibliography, artists’dictionaries, online repositories of images, how to put together a bibliography, how to prepare a critical review, etc.)
2. To explain the main foundations of the Art History as a discipline that studies and interprets the artistic phenomenon over time, and its main methodological guidelines;
3. To explain how to use the basic tools of the discipline to approach the study of works of art, taking into account their multiple components (formal, physical, aesthetic, ideological, sociological, symbolic, iconological);
4. To develop a critical thinking about the discipline of Art History and increase the written and oral abilities, using an appropriate historical-artistic lexicon.
General characterization
Code
711061054
Credits
6.0
Responsible teacher
Susana Maria Munhá Antunes Calado Varela de Almeida Flor
Hours
Weekly - 4
Total - 168
Teaching language
Portuguese
Prerequisites
N/A
Bibliography
Bibliografia Geral
AAVV, A Nova História da Arte de Janson – A tradição ocidental, Lisboa: FCG, 9ª ed., 2010.
AAVV, Dicionário Visual de Arquitectura - Lisboa: Quimera Editores, 2014.
ARGAN, Giulio Carlo e FAGIOLO, Maurizio - Guia de História da Arte, Lisboa: Ed. Estampa, 1992.
BARRAL I ALTET, Xavier - História da Arte, Lisboa: Ed. 70, 2003.
CALADO, Margarida e SILVA, Jorge Henrique Pais da - Dicionário de termos de Arte e Arquitectura, Lisboa: Ed. Presença, 2005.
CALVO SERRALLER, Francisco e PORTÚS, Javier - Fuentes de la Historia del Arte, 2 vols., Madrid, 2001.
ECO, Umberto - Como se faz uma tese em ciências humanas, Lisboa: Ed. Presença, 1998.
FUGA, Antonella - Techniques et Matériaux des Arts, Paris: Ed. Hazan, 2005.
GOMBRICH, E. H. - A História da Arte, Lisboa: Público, 16ª ed., 2005.
GÓMEZ, Maria Luísa - La Restauración - Examen científico aplicado a la conservación de obras de arte, Madrid: Catedra, 1998.
JANSON, H.W. - História da Arte, Lisboa: FCG, 8ª ed., 2007.
PEREIRA, Paulo (dir.) - História da Arte Portuguesa, 3 vols., Lisboa: Temas e Debates, 1995.
PREZIOSI, Donald - The Art of Art History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
SHONE, Richard; STONARD, John-Paul, The books that Shaped Art History – from Gombrich and Greenberg to Alpers and Krauss, Thames & Hudson, 2013.
TEIXEIRA, Luís - Dicionário ilustrado de Belas-Artes, Lisboa: Ed. Presença, 1985.
TURNER, Jane (ed.) - The Dictionary of Art, 34 vols., London/New York: Macmillan Publ, 1996.
VENTURI, Lionello - História da Crítica de Arte, Lisboa: Ed. 70, 2007.
WITTKOWER, Rudolf - Escultura, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2001.
WOOD, Christopher S., A History of Art History, Princeton and Oxfor:Princeton University Press, 2019.
No decurso das aulas será fornecida bibliografia específica.
Sítios na Internet
Biblioteca de Arte da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
https://gulbenkian.pt/biblioteca-arte/
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
http://www.bnportugal.pt
Dictionary of Art Historians
https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/index.htm
Europeana - base de dados de pesquisa da Biblioteca Digital Europeia
http://www.europeana.eu
http://www.europeana.eu/portal/pt/collections/art-history
MatrizNET - base de dados das colecções museológicas nacionais
http://www.matriznet.dgpc.pt/matriznet/home.aspx
Metropolitan Museum - livros de arte para descarregar ou ler online
http://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/
Pure – Gestão de Informação Científica
https://www.unl.pt/research/pure-gestao-de-informacao-cientifica
Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal
https://www.rcaap.pt
Repositório Universidade Nova de Lisboa
https://run.unl.pt
Réunion des Musées Nationaux - base de dados de imagens
http://www.photo.rmn.fr
SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitetónico
http://www.monumentos.pt
The Getty Research Institute
http://www.getty.edu/research/
Teaching method
THEORETICAL CLASSES
1 – How did the discipline of Art History emerge?
. International and national historical context (Vasari; Bellori, Félibien, Costa Meesen, Winckelmann; Kant, Machado, Hegel, Morelli; Burckhardt; Wölfflin, Riegl; Focillon; Mâle; Warburg, Panofsky; Dvorak; Hauser; Antal, Francastel; França, Gombrich, Serrão...)
. Periodization in Art History
. The role of the Art Historian in the 21st century: contributions to an ethical manual
. New challenges: Digital Humanities, European Agenda Objectives, and Artificial Intelligence.
2 – How to conduct research in Art History?
. Artistic, Human, and Social Sciences that assist Art History
. Bibliographic research in Libraries (Books, Journals, newspapers, master's dissertations, etc. Rare books: Personal collections, engravings, drawings, scores). Institutional Repositories.
. Documentary research in Archives (codices, Treaties, Chronicles, Illumination...)
. Museums as archival spaces (Director's collections, provenance entries of works, old catalogs, etc...)
. Laboratory Sciences: Archaeometry for the interdisciplinary study of artworks.
. Producing in Art History (undergraduate theses, articles, catalog entries; books...)
3 – Artistic expressions
. What confers the status of artwork to an object / a building?
. Historiographical Tradition
. Collecting
. Art Markets
4 – Architecture: the major art?
. Brief History of Architecture. Concepts and terminology (reading plans, elevations, immovable heritage)
. Social status of officials (Architects, Masters and masons)
5 – Painting or the Illusion of Reality?
. Brief History of Painting and its Genres
. Conquest of Perspective
. Pictorial Techniques
. Supports: from canvas to glass
. Materials: organic and inorganic
. Liberal Art: the social difference between oil and tempera painters
6 – The Art of Engraving or Artistic Transfer
. Definition of a collective art: drawing; engraving; printing.
. Dies and plates.
. Printing techniques.
7 – Sculpture: the art of volumes
. Brief History of Sculpture
. Materials, techniques, and tools
. Image makers and Sculptors
8 – Decorative Arts or the Immovable Heritage of Portuguese Visual Culture
. Tilework: Definition, history, techniques, and its relation with architecture
. Carving or the art of working wood.
. Techniques, Styles, and contributions to the concept of Total Art.
. Inlays: The Italian taste for working marbles or stone. Technique and ornamentation.
9 – Heraldry and the representation of power
. Definition and terminology
. History and interpretation of royal, peerage, and civic Coats of Arms.
PRACTICAL CLASSES:
Visits in Lisbon National Archive of Torre do Tombo
National Library of Portugal
National Museum of Ancient Art
Evaluation method
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
1 - A midterm exam at the beginning of October (35%)
2 - A midterm exam at the end of November (35%)
3 - An oral presentation in November-December (20%)
4 - Classroom participation (10%)
Subject matter
In this course, students are expected to achieve the following goals:
General Aims
• Align the Course Unit with the objectives outlined in the Activities and Budget Plan of the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, such as contributing to a more inclusive society and promoting a generally more positive attitude towards differences.
• Adjust the Course Unit with the objectives outlined in the Strategic Plan of the Institute of Art History, such as those related to the transfer of knowledge and the internationalization of Research.
Specific Aims
• Identify the key moments of the history of the discipline.
• Understand the main issues in the periodization of Art throughout the centuries. • Characterize the concepts, objectives, and limits of the various areas of study within the discipline.
• Grasp the specific vocabulary essential for the study of Art History.
• Apply the methodology specific to Art History in research projects.
• Acquire skills of oral presentations.