Analytical Chemistry

General characterization

Prerequisites

No mandatory requisites, but it is advisable that the student get previous approval in Introduction to Physical Chemistry or General Chemistry.

Bibliography

Métodos Instrumentais para Análise de Soluções    
Mª de Lurdes Gonçalves, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry (9th ed),
S. Crouch, D. M. West, D. A. Skoog,  and F. J. Holler, Saunders College Publishing (2013) ISBN-10: 1285056248

Aqueous Acid-Base Equilibria and Titrations
R. Levie, Oxford University Press (1999) ISBN-10: 0198506171

Analytical Chemistry
Robert V. Dilts, D. Van Nostrand, (1974) ISBN 10 - 0442221584

Analytical Chemistry
G. D. Christian, Wiley, 6th Edition (2003) ISBN 10 - 0471214728

Quantitative Chemical Analysis
Daniel C. Harris, Freeman, New York, 8th Edition (2010) ISBN 10 – 1429239891

Teaching method

Lectures  and problem-solving sessions, supported by data show projection of figures/plots/text included either in the documentation supplied directly by the teacher or in the recommended bibliography.

Evaluation method

Frequency for 1st enrollment students is obtained by:

i) Realization of all Practical Works and delivery of all questionnaires

The Practical Works, as well as the questionnaires, are carried out, generally, in groups of 3 students. All it takes is one student per group to upload the questionnaires to Moodle. The delivery periods are defined there.

Students who are not aware of the protocols will be prevented from carrying out the work and, therefore, will not obtain attendance, “failing” the UC from the outset.

2. Theoretical Assessment

i) By “continuous” evaluation 

Five Quizzes, marked on the CLIP, with a duration of around 30-45 minutes each, depending on the chapter, with equal weight in the final grade of the theoretical component, in which the respective average, before being normalized, will have to be equal to or greater than 9.5; there is no minimum score required on any of the tests.

ii) or Appeal Exam

In the Appeal Season there will be a Theoretical Exam with all the material and duration of 2 hours. The grade for this Theoretical component will also have to be equal to or greater than 9.5. There will not be, in the exam, the possibility of doing it in parts.

3. Practical Assessment

All practical groups have to take a laptop, a tablet, etc. to class, which allows them to present graphs and/or the results obtained at the end of each shift. Once with Frequency, the practical component of the discipline, this academic year, will be carried out as follows:

Each Questionnaire delivered will be evaluated and will have one of the following grades: 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5.

Being 5 Questionnaires, the practical component of the UC will have a final grade that will vary between 0 and +2.5 values.

These scores for each Questionnaire and the respective final score for the practical component will be the same for each member of the Group.

6. Final Grade of the UC

 Theoretical part normalized to 17.5 values + (0 to +2.5) of the practical part

Subject matter

I. Theoretical syllabus

1. Solutions. Concentrations. Review on the concept of mole and equivalent.
2. Electrical conductivity. Strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte. Equivalent conductance. Ostwald dilution law. Ionic interaction. Kohlraush´s law of independent migration of ions. Aplication of conductimetric measurements: Conductimetric acid-base titrations.
3. Acid-base equilibrium. Calculation of pH in solution: Strong acid, Weak acid, Conjugate base, Mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base, Buffer solution. Calculation of pH in an acid base titration: Strong acid versus strong base, Weak acid versus strong base and Mixture of strong acid and weak acid versus strong base.Calculation of pH in solution: Polyprotic acids Buffer solutions with polyprotic acids and Amphiprotic solution.Titration of a polyprotic acid versus strong base (no calculations). Acid base indicators.
4. Complexometric equilibrium. Complexometric titrations. Monodentate and multidentate ligands . Calculation of pM in a complexometric titration. Effect of pH and the other metals and other ligands in the formation constant. Concept of α--M e α--L and conditional formation constant. Complexometric titration when there is other metals and other ligands. Calculation of pM in the complexometric titration. Consecutive complexometric titrations. Masking. Detection of the end point of titration. Metal ion indicators.
5. Redox equilibrium. Redox titration. Calculation of redox potential in titration of Fe2+/ Ce4+. Calculation of redox potential in titration of Fe3+/ MnO4-. Calculation of redox potential in titration of a mixture. Redox indicators. Effect on the redox potential: complexes and pH. Diagram redox potential versus pH. Redox behaviour of water.
6. Precipitation. Solubility product (Ks). Solubility and minimun of solubility. Diferencial solubility. Quantitatives methods: Mohr method and Volhard method.

II. Laboratory Sessions

1. Conductimetric studies of strong and weak electrolytes.
2. Acid-Base titrations – Conductimetric and potentiometric methods.
3. Complexometric analysis of the components of an indutsrial cement.
4. Effect of complexes in the redox pair Fe(II) / Fe (III)
5. Solubility of silver acetate

Programs

Programs where the course is taught: