Electronics
Objectives
This course introduces the study of electronic circuits based on semiconductor devices, covering the operation of diodes, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Based on the electrical characteristics of these components, students learn to analyze and design basic electronic circuits such as signal rectifiers and low-frequency amplifiers, as well as multi-stage amplifiers. The course also includes the analysis of circuits with operational amplifiers. The practical component allows students to implement and test circuits in the laboratory, interpret results, and present well-founded conclusions. Additionally, students develop skills in problem-solving, project execution, teamwork, and independent work, essential for applications in Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Aerospace Engineering.
General characterization
Code
10524
Credits
6.0
Responsible teacher
João Pedro Abreu de Oliveira
Hours
Weekly - 5
Total - 70
Teaching language
Português
Prerequisites
Basic prior knowledge of electricity and electromagnetism, including electrical circuits, Kirchhoff''s laws, and passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors), facilitate the understanding of the topics covered in the course. However, the course is structured in a way that allows all students to follow the exposed material.
Bibliography
1- Sedra/Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 8th Edition, Oxford University Press, November 2019.
2 - M. M. Silva, Introdução aos Circuitos Eléctricos e Electrónicos (6ª edição), F. C. Gulbenkian, Dezembro 2014.
3 - M. M. Silva, Circuitos com Transístores Bipolares e MOS (4ª Edição), F. C. Gulbenkian, Janeiro 2003.
4- B. Razavi, Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 2nd Edition, Wiley, June 2014
Teaching method
The course syllabus is structured sequentially, ensuring progressive learning. The course begins by introducing the fundamentals of solid-state electronics, followed by the study of semiconductor devices and their use in key electronic circuits, which are analyzed in detail. This approach allows for the exploration of more complex applications, thereby expanding the scope of applicability of the techniques taught.
The theoretical classes present the fundamental principles of electronics, as well as circuit analysis and design techniques, supported by a structured exposition of concepts and various illustrative examples. This approach aims to enable students to understand the underlying theory of electronic devices and circuits, as well as their applicability in different engineering contexts.
The practical classes consolidate the knowledge acquired through the application of theoretical concepts in problem-solving, circuit implementation, and experimental testing. These sessions encourage autonomy, problem-solving skills, and a deeper understanding of circuit design techniques.
The syllabus and pedagogical approach of the course have been designed to ensure that students acquire the necessary competencies for more advanced electronics courses, thereby maintaining the coherence of the learning path within the program''s curriculum.
Evaluation method
Assessment is conducted continuously, integrating two components:
- Theoretical Component, corresponding to the theoretical grade (NT), obtained from two tests taken during the semester or, alternatively, a final exam. NT sould be >= 9.5;
- Practical Component, corresponding to the practical grade (NP), calculated based on three laboratory assignments. NP should be >=9.5;
It is necessary to be present in all laboratories and the classification of the practical component should higher or equal to 9.5 .
The final grade is determined from the two components, NT and NP:
Final Grade = 60% * NT + 40% * NP
Subject matter
- Review and Consolidation of Circuit Analysis
- Fundamental circuit concepts applied to semiconductor devices, for DC and AC analysis.
- Device models for electronic circuit analysis.
- Junction Diodes
- Ideal diode and voltage-current characteristics.
- Applications in rectifier and limiter circuits.
- Zener diode and its use in voltage regulators.
- Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
- Operating modes and electrical characteristics.
- Calculation of the quiescent operating point (biasing).
- Small-signal model and amplifier circuits (common-emitter, common-base, emitter follower).
- Differential pair and current sources.
- Multi-stage amplifiers.
- Field-Effect Transistor (FET)
- Voltage-current characteristics of FET transistors.
- DC analysis and calculation of the quiescent operating point (QOP).
- Small-signal model and amplifier circuits using FETs.
- Operational Amplifiers
- Ideal operational amplifier and circuit analysis.
- Effects of non-ideal characteristics of operational amplifiers.
- Applications in filtering, instrumentation, and signal conversion.
- Digital Circuits and CMOS Technology
- Introduction to CMOS technology.
- Implementation of basic logic gates.
- Applications in Biomedical, Physics, and Aerospace Engineering
- Use of amplifiers in biomedical systems (e.g., physiological signal amplification).
- Electronics for sensors and data acquisition in scientific instrumentation.
- Applications in avionics and electronic circuits for extreme environments.