Advanced Topics in Fluid Mechanics
Objectives
Knowing how to interpret results expressed by dimensionless parameters as well as knowing how to express results in this way, not being restricted to the area of fluid mechanics. Understand the issue of similarity in modeling situations of practical interest.
Learn and know how to apply knowledge that allows you to deal with the effects of roughness and boundary layer separations. Knowing how to apply appropriate theoretical tools to different regimes (laminar, turbulent) or flow regions. In this sense, knowing the fundamentals of turbulence and: knowing how to determine and using integral boundary layer parameters; achieve dexterity in manipulating the differential equations that govern the flows to reach results that allow analyzing them; know the effects of the longitudinal pressure gradient on the development of boundary layers; knowing how to use pressure coefficients for bodies immersed in flows, understanding and respecting ranges of applicability.
Learning and knowing how to apply the fundamentals of the study of flows where the effects of compressibility cannot be neglected. Know the phenomenon of choking, the operation of convergent-divergent nozzles, and shock waves, and know how to perform calculations in this context, also using tabulated information. Knowing how to solve fluid mechanics problems in the areas mentioned above, within the broad scope of Engineering and, in particular, mechanical engineering.
Develop skills in: information processing, autonomous work and self-learning, problem solving at engineering level, application of knowledge to new situations.
General characterization
Code
12554
Credits
6.0
Responsible teacher
Duarte Manuel Salvador Freire Silva de Albuquerque, Luís Miguel Chagas da Costa Gil
Hours
Weekly - 4
Total - 64
Teaching language
Português
Prerequisites
The program assumes mastery of the subjects covered in the Fluid Mechanics curricular unit.
Bibliography
White, F. M., “Fluid Mechanics”, McGraw-Hill.
Oliveira, L. A. e Lopes, A. G., “Mecânica dos Fluidos”, LIDEL.
Tennekes, H. and Lumley, J. L., "A First Course in Turbulence", MIT Press.
Teaching method
Available soon
Evaluation method
Available soon
Subject matter
The program of this curricular unit is compoed by five modules (topics), which are descrived as follows.
Module I: Dimensional analysis and similarity — Application of the Buckingham Pi Theorem to relevant fluid mechanics cases; similarity, modeling and limitations.
Module II: Differential equations — differential equations for mass conservation, linear momentum, Euler''''''''s equations for inviscid flows; Navier-Stokes equations for newtonian fluids and the physical significance of each featured terms.
Module III: Turbulence — universal features of turbulent flows; Reynolds decomposition; and modeling of turbulent flows.
Module IV: Boundary layer flows — Prandtl''''''''s theory of boundary flows; simplified equations for inviscid flow; viscous fluid flows: effect of the Reynolds number and body geometry (streamlined and blunt bodies), boundary layer separation; boundary layer development over a flat plate: von Kármán integral analysis; boundary layer differential equations; Blasius exact solution (laminar boundary layer conditions); separation: effect of the pressure gradient; Thwaites'''''''' method; flow over imersed bodies.
Module V: Compressible flows — Mach number (Ma); thermodynamics revisions; isentropic and adiabatic flow; estagnation properties; Mach number related properties; effect of the cross section area variation; choking; normal shock wave; supersonic bidimensional flow: Mach cone, oblique shock wave, Prandtl-Meyer expansion waves.